Anatomical and morphometric study of gastrointestinal tract of donkey (Equus africanus asinus)

Introduction: We dissected and described the macroscopic anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract of the donkey. Materials and Methods: Eleven domestic donkeys of both sexes from Tunisia were used for this study. Results: Although statistically insignificant, length values of the gastrointestinal tract pertaining to the females were generally higher than those pertaining to the males. The ostium cardiacum was very narrow and its diameter was 4.42 ± 0.57 mm in the males and 6 ± 1.22 mm in females. In the first part of the duodenum, we found papilla duodeni major and papilla duodeni minor. Both papillae were located very near to each other with a distance less than 1 cm and very near to the ostium pyloricum. The cecum was divided in parts of basis, corpus and apex. Three flexures divided the ascending colon into four parts: right ventral, left ventral, left dorsal and right dorsal. The cecum, left ventral colon and right dorsal colon had more evident sacculations (Haustra ceci and coli) (Figure 5). Teniae numbers were constant in all animals as 4, 4, 4, 1, 3 and 2 for cecum, right ventral colon, left ventral colon, left dorsal colon, right dorsal colon and descending colon, respectively. Conclusion: Although the gross anatomy of the intestines of the donkey was similar to the domestic horse in general, we detected some differences between these equine species.(AU)

Gross anatomy of the intestine and their peritoneal folds in the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)

The species belonging to the order Rodentia have great noticeable differences in their intestinal anatomy, particularly in the cecum and ascending colon. The anatomy of the intestines and its their mesenteries of Chinchilla lanigera have not been completely described. In the present study, ten adult Chinchilla lanigerawere studied using gross dissection. The small intestine was divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum as usual. The duodenum started at the pylorus with a cranial portion, which dilated forming a duodenal ampulla. The ileum was very short and attached to the coiled cecum by means of the iliocecal fold. The ascending colon presented three parts. The first one, starting from the cecum and attached to it by the cecocolic fold presented sacculations on its external part. This could be named proximal loop (Ansa proximalis coli), having two parts, a proximal and distal one. The second part of the ascending colon was simple (Pars intermedia). The last part of the ascending colon (Ansa distalis coli) extended from the intermediate part to the right colic flexure. The distal ansa was formed by two parts parallel to each other and joined by an apical flexure and the ascending mesocolon. The descending duodenum was fixed to the pars intermedia of the ascending colon by a peritoneal fold named accessory duodenocolic fold. The ascending duodenum was fixed by the duodenocolic fold to the descending colon. This study indicates that there are minor differences in the divisions of the intestine and their peritoneal folds, as it usually happens when comparing other rodents.

Gross anatomy of the intestine and their peritonealfolds in the tucu - tucu (Ctenomys pearsoni)

The anatomy of the intestines and its mesenteries of Ctenomys pearsoni have not been described. In the presentstudy, ten adult Ctenomys pearsoni were studied using gross dissection. The small intestine was divided intoduodenum, jejunum and ileum as usual. The duodenum started at the pylorus with a cranial portion, whichdilated forming a duodenal ampulla. The ileum was very short and attached to the coiled cecum by means ofthe iliocecal fold. The ascending colon had one ansa with two parts, one proximal and one distal. Both partsof the ascending colon’s ansa were parallel to each other and joined by an apical flexure and the ascendingmesocolon. The descending duodenum was fixed to the proximal part of the ascending colon by a peritonealfold named accessory duodenocolic fold. The ascending duodenum was fixed by the duodenocolic fold to thedescending colon. This study indicates that there are minor differences in the divisions of the intestine andtheir peritoneal folds, as it usually happens when comparing other rodents.

Anatomical Description of the Liver, Hepatic Ligaments and Omenta in the Coypu (Myocastor coypus) / Descripción Anatómica del Hígado, Ligamentos hepáticos y Omentos en el Coipo (Myocastor coypus)

The objective of this work is to give a complementary description of the hepatic lobulation, the hepatic ligaments and the omenta of the nutria. Thirty nutrias were studied by gross dissection. The liver of the nutria was divided into six lobules as follows: left lateral, left medial, quadrate, right medial, right lateral, and caudate lobes. The caudate lobe was divided into a papillary and a caudate process. A whole falciform ligament, extending as far as the navel, was found in all animals. This one was the only ligament that contained fat in between its sheets, and it was abundant in the umbilical part. The left triangular ligament had two parts. One of them was attached to the left lateral lobe of the liver and the other one to the left medial lobe. The right triangular ligament also was double. The lateral triangular ligaments where larger than the medial ones. The hepatorenal ligament it was attached to the right kidney and its ventral free border measured 3.0 cm. The coronary ligament was always relatively well marked and was continuous with all the previous ligaments. The omenta were similar to those described for the rabbit but had more fat. The greater omentum united with the left sheet of the mesoduodenum and to the ascending mesocolon.

El objetivo de este trabajo es complementar las descripciones de la lobulación hepática, los ligamentos hepáticos y los omentos de la nutria. Treinta nutrias fueron estudiadas mediante disección simple. El hígado de la nutria estaba dividido en seis lóbulos: lóbulos lateral izquierdo, medial izquierdo, cuadrado, medial derecho, lateral derecho y caudado. El lóbulo caudado estaba dividido en proceso papilar y proceso caudado. Un ligamento falciforme completo, extendido hasta el ombligo, fue hallado en todos los animales. Este era el único ligamento que tenía grasa entre sus hojas, la cual era abundante en la parte umbilical. El hgamento triangular izquierdo estaba compuesto por dos partes. Una parte se fijaba al lóbulo lateral izquierdo y la otra al lóbulo medial izquierdo del hígado. El hgamento triangular derecho también era doble. Los hgamentos triangulares laterales eran más grandes que los mediales. El hgamento hepatorrenal estaba unido al riñon derecho y medía 3,0 cm en su borde hbre ventral. El ligamento coronario era siempre relativamente marcado y se continuaba con todos los ligamentos anteriores. Los omentos eran similares a los descritos para el conejo pero más cargados de grasa. El omento mayor se unía a la hoja izquierda del mesoduodeno y al mesocolon ascendente.

Tratamiento de verruga plantar recalcitrante con terapia fotodinámica / Treatment of recalcitrant verruca plantaris with photodynamic therapy

Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino, de 55 años de edad, portador de una verruga plantar recalcitrante de casi dos años de evolución. El paciente fue tratado con terapia fotodinámica utilizando metil aminolevulinato y una fuente de luz roja de 630 mm, con una dosis de 37 J/cm2. Luego de tres sesiones de terapia fotodinámica, el paciente presentó una remisión completa de la verruga plantar, lo que ha persistido luego de ocho meses de seguimiento y con excelente resultado cosmético.

We present the case of a 55-year-old male patient with recalcitrant verruca plantaris for almost two years. The patient was treated with photodynamic therapy using aminolevulinic acid and a red light source (630 nm), with a 37 J/cm2 dose. After three photodynamic therapy sessions, the patient showed a complete remission and is still free of the lesion after 8 months of follow-up, evidencing an excellent cosmetic outcome.

Tratamiento de hemangiomas de la infancia con láser de colorantes: a propósito de dos casos / Flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser for hemangiomas in infancy: two cases report

Se presentan dos casos clínicos, el primero es un niño de un año y cinco meses de edad portador de un hemangioma labial superficial, y el segundo es una niña de cinco años de edad con un hemangioma nasal de tipo mixto. Ambos fueron tratados con láser de colorantes pulsado, obteniéndose una remisión de casi un 100 por ciento en el primer caso y superior al 70 por ciento en el segundo. Se revisa la literatura del tratamiento de los hemangiomas de la infancia con láser de colorantes pulsado.